Thursday 10 December 2015

Pandit Karuppan – Lincoln of Kerala


A Poet, A dramatist, A social Reformer

Kandathiparambil Paapu Karuppan fought against social evils and untouchability. He earned the name Lincoln of Kerala for his fight against social injustices. He was the first activist from the Cochin state.

Early life

Pandit Karuppan belonged to fishermen community called Dheevara. He was born to Paapu and Kochepennu in Cheranelloor, a village near Ernakulam on 24th May 1885. He was a great Sanskrit scholar and also an Ayurvedic specialist. People called him Atho Poojari for his Ayurvedic works.



As Karuppan was from a lower caste community, he was restricted to formal education from schools. The Pandit hence, began his learning from his relative Azheekkal Velu Vaidyan. As he was very much interested towards learning, he started reading puranas and ithihas all by himself. He was quite a scholar for his age of 12, when wrote two poems called Sthothramardaaram and Lankamardaaram that surprised the teachers of his community.
Story behind his name
Once, a Tamil scholar visited Karuppan’s parents. He named him “Karpan” (means ‘learnt person’) that in due course became Karuppan.


Education

Pandit Karuppan, Shankaran, was a great Sanskrit scholar. It all began in his hometown. He studied under Annamananda Rama Pothuval, for a year. He faced a tough resistance from the upper caste students during his study. He was forced to sit in a corner during the class hours. Shankaran’s interest towards learning made him bore the ill – treatments.

Later he joined Kovilakan in Kodungallor, with a huge support from Kunhikkuttan, though it was inaccessible to the lower castes. It was during this period, he wrote his first book (at the age of 19) in Malayalam called “Jaathikummi”. The book criticized un - touch ability and the caste system.
          Later, Kunhikkuttan introduced Shankaran to the Maharaja of Cochin, Ramavarma Raja. The king was impressed with Shankaran’s talents and made arrangements for his advanced study under Rama Pisharody, the then royal Guru.
Almost immediately, he was appointed as a Sanskrit teacher at St Theresa Girls School in Ernakulam. The school was a special place for the upper caste girls. And so as expected, there were huge protests against the posting. But the Maharaja overruled the objections.

Social Reforms


Pandit Karuppan was nominated as member of Legislative Council in 1925. As an MLC, Karuppan helped the lower caste people in numerous ways.
·        He convinced the government to provide scholarships and concessions in fees for the lower castes.
·        He wrote “Aacharabhooshanam”, that focussed on creating awareness against superstitions. The book was printed by the government and was distributed to the public on his request.
·        He started schools for fishermen.

The following are the famous works of Pandit Karuppan



Roles of Pandit Karuppan

·        He served as a secretary to the Elemetary Education Committee and the Bhashaparishkarana Committee.
·        He also served as a Superintendent of Vernacular Education in Cochin for 4 years.
·        He had also served as a Chairman of the Board of Examination of Madras University.
As a dramatist
          On the occasion of Shashtipoorthi, the Maharaja of Cochin organised a drama script competition in 1919. Pandit Karuppan scripted a drama titled “Baalakalesam” and was adjudged the best. The drama discussed the achievements of the Maharaja during his 16 year rule and also criticized the caste system. Maharaja was overwhelmed watching the drama and entitled him as “Kavithilakan”
When the drama was staged in other parts of Kerala, it received huge appreciation from the public. Maharaja of Travancore, Sree Moolam Thirunal, presented Pandit Karuppan with a Navaratna ring for his work. The legend denied the gift rather requested the king to sanction half – fee concession to the students of the lower caste community as a present. 

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