WHAT IS MDG?
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000 the largest gathering of world leaders in history adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015 that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals .Every year UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) release MDG report to show the progress made by countries towards achieving the 8 parameters(18 targets) set in Millennium Summit which envisage to improve the living standards of the people across the world.
WHAT ARE THESE 8 GOALS (18 TARGETS)?
1) Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day and ALSO halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
2) Achieve Universal Primary Education: To ensure by 2015, children everywhere will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
3) Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015.
4) Reduce Child Mortality: Reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015.
5) Improve Maternal Health: Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015.
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases: Halt by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS .
7)Ensure Environmental Sustainability: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs to reverse the loss of environmental resources, halve by 2015 the people without access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by 2020.
8) Develop a Global Partnership for Development: Develop fair and non discriminatory trading and financial system; tariff free access for Least Developed Country’s exports, enhanced program of debt relief for poor countries; provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries; make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications technology.
INDIA’S PROGRESS SO FAR
GOAL 1) India has halved its incidence of extreme poverty but reduction in poverty is still less than that achieved by Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. According to the report India is on track to achieving the hunger targets .A lot of work needed even now as a third of the world’s underweight children are in India.
GOAL 2) India has performed well on education front thanks to the schemes like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Mid Day Meal but high dropout rate is still a major concern.
GOAL 3) Target of gender equality has not been achieved yet in India and the progress made here is categorized as slow yet with the programmes like Beti Bachao Beti Padao Govt. is trying to fill this gap.
GOAL 4&5) Infant mortality rate 43 per 1000 has been reduced from 88 in 90s and maternal mortality rate from 560 to 190 per lakh. These have shown significant change but still long way to go, yet schemes like Janani Surakhsha Yojana if implemented properly can improve the situation faster.
GOAL 6) Achieved control moderately on the spread of HIV, malaria etc.
GOAL 7) Improved access to adequate sanitation to eliminate open defecation, has increased forest cover and has halved the proportion of population without the access to clean drinking water. With further programmes like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and Rajiv Awas Yojna Govt. aims at enhancing pace to achieve these.
GOAL 8) India has been playing a major role in WTO and various other forums .It has been receiving aid from global financial institutions to fund its projects. India is actively involves in providing help to poorer countries and neighbours.Essential drugs are made available here as desired with Generic version to ensure its reach. Govt. has started project to make available benefit of technology especially information and communications technology at Gram Panchayat Level and has target to cover whole country under this.
CONCLUSION
India has performed satisfactorily on various fronts considering the population size but a lot needs to be done for the same. With recent schemes targeting above goals hopes are high that India would be able to achieve them soon.
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